移民英國住邊區好?英國各大城市優缺點比較- 家庭篇
今個學年來到尾聲,很多家庭正為啟程前往英國做最後準備,究竟那個城市較適合一家大細移民? 那個城市較適合未有小朋友的couples ? 而單身者那一個城市較適合呢? 筆者會一連三集送上各種不同人士移民比較,今次先送上家庭篇~
第一部分:學校
1. 公立學校的申請方法
有小朋友的家庭的移民重心傾向關注小朋友的成長,希望他們可以讀到較好的學校,進而入讀心儀的大學。英國的中學分有公立及私校。93%英國學生入讀的公立學校有很多種,例如Academy School、Community School 、Grammar School,另外還有Faith School 和Free School等,他們都受英國政府不同程度的資助及條款來分,當中較受家長歡迎的當然是學生成續追得上私立學校的Grammar School啦!
甚麼是Grammar School文法學校?
Grammar School就如本港的Band 1 傳統名學,保留專注培訓學生學術表現的傳統。學校必須依照「全國敎學大綱」來設計課程,同時一般傾向沿用傳統保守的教學方法。全英現有三千多間公立中學,當中約有一百六十三間。
Grammar School會按11+入學試成績收生,小學畢業生必須在11+考試中獲得優異的成績(居前20%),方可申請此種學校(少數Grammar School也接受8年級或9年級的入學,並通過12+或13+的考試來測試學生。)。
除了11+ 考試成績高分之外,即使住在Grammar School校區那個Catchment Zone,入紙申請個別Grammar School前仍然需要考試,只有通過入學試才可入讀。入學試成績達到心儀中學的收生要求後,考生亦要填寫CAF進行統一派位,才可得到學位(有點似以前香港的統一派位制度,相信七、八十年代出生的香港人都經歷過)。
當地升中學第七年級競爭人數約8-15人競爭一個學額,港人初移民到步英文能力或有難度,因此很多人都是小三畢業後就開始準備。留意,必需有英國地址,才可申請公立學校。
- Grammar School分佈
Grammar School於英格蘭有佔163間,北愛爾蘭有69間Grammar School,威爾士或蘇格蘭則沒有。地圖紅色顯示英國Grammar School學校集中在地圖上的幾個英國區域; 分別有: Greater London ( Kent, Buckinghamshire and Surrey)、 Lincolnshire、Birmingham。
Kent 以最多Grammar School 為名,合共32間。最出名的Grammar School 有 The Judd School, The Skinner’s School 及Tunbridge Wells Boys Grammar & Tunbridge Wells Girls’ Grammar School等。
完整Grammar School列表在文章底部。
- 公立學校排名
大多數Grammar School偏向取錄居住於該地區的的學,家長若以此作為選城市的參考,倫敦看來還是首選,因為以下三間排名首位的公立學校,都是在倫敦。
公立學校第三位: The Henrietta Barnett School
位處倫敦北部市郊巴奈特(Barnet),為全國排名頭5位之校區,當中合共有過百間中、小學,不少牛津、劍橋學生都畢業於該地區嘅中學。The Henrietta Barnett為女子中學,雖然於2012年才正式成校,但每年於公開試都考取極佳成績,92.1%於A-Level考獲A*-B成績,94.9%於中考考獲A*-A/7-9分。該校出名在於數學、古典文學及英國文學方面,而另一特色為學校中有一半學生母語都不是英語,這麼多移民學生,香港學生在此成長或會較易適應。
第二位:Wilson’s School
位於倫敦瑟頓(Sutton)的Wilson’s School是全國知名傳統男校,是公認的精英搖籃,每年約3千多人爭186個學校。學校除了學業成績出色之外,體育及課外活動發展同樣出色,其中學校足球隊、板球隊於國內頗有名氣。學校重點培養學生主動性,鼓勵學生多同老師互動,因此校內學習氣氛良好,加上各種課外活動,所以校園充滿活力,不會「死讀書」,每位學生都可以發展自己喜愛嘅體育項目。
第一位:Queen Elizabeth’s School
同樣位於倫敦北部市巴奈特,學業成績比大部分私立學校更好。好處係非居住於附近地區都可以報讀,不過入學試如果有人同分,住得近則有優先權。學校為男校,但亦會選擇性收取女生;擁有游泳池、足球場等設施,學校欖球隊於學界亦頗有名。學校由於入學競爭激烈,因此設有自己的入學試,去年3千多人報考,雖然有2千多人達到最低標準,但學校最後只收取180人,非常誇張。
其他公立學校排名方式
英國公立學校除了以政府資助方式來分的公立學校種類外,亦有整體分不同級數,就如香港的band 1, 2, 3;英國的公校被評為四個等級:Grade1:Outstanding;Grade2:Good;Grade3: Satisfactory,Grade4:Inadequate。其中Outstanding雖然級別最高,但其實也是優劣夾雜的。想選擇一個真正Outstanding的公校呢?可到英國教育部的官網查閱學校的排名:http://www.education.gov.uk/。或https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ofsted
- 特別介紹: Academy School
Academy School是由國家教育部直接資助,但又獨立於地區管治的學校。 此類型公立學校的最大好處,是擁有較高的自治彈性,可以因應學生需要而採取更新穎的教學方法。現時全英有約四分一小學及大部分中學都屬於Academy。一般香港學生都學得一身好武功、樂器、跳舞、畫畫等十項全能,家長不妨了解小朋友的興趣,選擇另類的特色學校。
- 有錢之選:私立學校
英國的私立學校很多都是寄宿學校,立即送上泰晤士報2021年公佈的十大私立英國中學排名!
排名 | 私立學校名稱 | 城市 | 2021A-level A*-B | 學費參考 |
1 | St Paul’s Girls’ School-女校 | 倫敦 | 97.1% | 約£8,297/學期 |
2 | Godolphin and Latymer School-女校 | 倫敦(Hammersmith) | 96.7% | 約£270,000/年 |
3 | Brighton College-男女合校 | Brighton | 97.2% | 約£48,750/學期 |
4 | King’s College School, Wimbledon-男女合校 | London | 96.1% | 約£30,000/學期 |
5 | Wycombe Abbey School-女校 | High Wycombe | 95.2% | £7,786~12,785/學期 |
6 | Magdalen College School-男女合校 | Oxford | 96.1% | 約£18,939/年 |
7 | Guildford High School-女校 | Guildford | 94% | 約£ 17,214/年 |
8 | 第八名:St Mary’s School Ascot-女校 | Ascot | 94.9% | 約£9,915/學期 |
9 | St Paul’s School-男校 | London | 93.9% | 約£38,991/年 |
10 | King Edward VI High School for Girls-女校 | Birmingham | 95.5% | 約£12,997/年 |
第二部分: 一家大細的宜居考量
- 天氣
一講英國天氣,好多人第一印象總覺得又凍又陰沉。其寊英國不同地區的氣候各有不同。英國是島國,全年雨量平均,基本上每個月都有一半時間落雨,不過四季相當分明。春季大約由3月到5月,氣溫5至15°C。夏天由6月至8月,日照時間長,凌晨4點至晚上9點,氣溫在15至25°C左右,近年高溫甚至超過30°C。由9月開始氣溫便會漸漸下降。英國冬季時間較為漫長,11月開始入冬,每日下午4點左右太陽便落山,氣溫在0到7°C左右。部份地區如英格蘭和蘇格蘭北部可能下雪,但一般不會持續太久,積雪通常只有幾寸厚。
英國北面比南面凍,南部如倫敦、 Brighton、Southampton 等較暖和的天氣都受歡迎。如家人有氣管或皮膚敏感的問題困擾,英國一時又濕又凍,一時乾燥又大風的天氣可能會令敏感情況嚴重,選取定居點時需注意應否避免選址在沿海地區、如英格蘭北部、蘇格蘭等。
西岸的天氣通常比東岸來的潮濕,這是因為有一道叫做灣流的溫暖氣流,把溫暖空氣從加勒比海越過海洋帶到英國來,它混合了冰島與北歐的冷空氣,加上南方西班牙與法國的溫暖空氣,這樣的空氣溫度混合碰撞帶來了雨水,因為是接觸到西方溫暖的氣流才形成雨,因此英國西方比較潮濕。
- 華人比例
有些人很喜歡居住在華人多的地方,有些則不,全看個人口味。
首先最多華人住的城市就是:Manchester City(曼城)
Manchester City是英格蘭的第三個最大城市。曼城位於英格蘭的西北部,一些區域例如Northern Quarter和Piccadilly 有唐人街,熱鬧程度有如香港油尖旺,食肆、酒吧、商場、超市等民生設施一應俱全,非常貼近香港的生活。
第二華人多城市:Birmingham(伯明翰)
Birmingham位於英國的中南部,這可以說是全英國的中心地帶。在這裡都可以經常看見華人以及熟悉的香港人面孔。教育發展很好是這個城市的特色,當中最著名的大學當然是University of Birmingham。交通方便,New Street Station能夠偕同全國,而市內也有非常完善的電車網路以及巴士線。
第三:Barnet(班列特區/巴尼特區)
Barnet位於倫敦,距離首度倫敦大約16公里,大約一小時車程。這裡的華人居住的人口佔全市2.1%,是英國英格蘭大倫敦外倫敦的自治市。
Barnet屬於倫敦校網區之一,在2019年英國GCSE公立中學排名中,Barnet剛剛被評為 20 個行政區內最優秀的公立學區。全市排名前5的公立中學中,班列特區就佔有三席,分別是Henrietta Barnett School (公立女子學校)、Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar School for Boys (公立男子中學)、St. Michael’s Catholic Grammar School (公立女子學校)。Barnet距離倫敦有一段距離,所以也比倫敦較為寧靜,生活費也會比較便宜!
第四:Tower Hamlets(哈姆雷特塔倫敦自治市)
Tower Hamlets 這裡可以說是倫敦的灣仔區,既有住宅,又有商業區,在這裡你很容易能夠找到熟悉的英國香港人面孔,而且能夠找到華人常用的生活用品與港式茶樓!
Tower Hamlets鄰近倫敦市中心,這裡有不少居住地方都值得推介。Tower Hamlets是個知名的英國香港人住宅區,有很多華人及香港人都在這裡定居,方便出入倫敦市中心工作,所以非常適合白領工作人士。
除了方便白領工作人士之外,這裡的學校也是非常優秀,這裡除了知名大學倫敦瑪麗皇后大學外,還有由Ofsted全英國最權威的學校評分機構評選出優秀的學校,分別有Bygrove、Sir William Burrough、Canary Wharf College、St Paul’s Way Trust、Tower Hamlets College、還有最優秀的私立學校Mazahirul Uloom London School等
地鐵、火車等交通工具可前往英國其他城市,加上因為鄰近商業區,所以這裡有不少工作機會。
第五:Southwark(南華克區)
Southwark位於倫敦市的南面,非常接近倫敦,距離大約5公里。選擇這裡的主要理由就是近倫敦。工作機會、社區設施、著名大學都集中在倫敦。Southwark就是集工作、教育、美食、設施於一身的地方,而且很容易就能找到華人超市。此地生活質素高,多住宅選擇,而且很容易就能找到華人餐館和商店,甚至類似港式茶餐廳的Cafe都能找到!
- 治安
想知英格蘭、威爾斯和北愛爾蘭的地區治安概況,可到英國警察網站首頁搜尋。而倫敦亦有自己的警察廳(Metropolitan Police Service)官方網站 ,可查看區內犯罪數據、罪案類別。只要在網站首頁,輸入你想了解的倫敦地址郵政編號(Postcode),就能一目了然地看到該區的治安概況、最多的罪案類別,以及犯罪率和其他地區的比較。
按資料顯示,現時倫敦治安最差地方正是市中心的威斯敏斯特(Westminster),其犯罪率竟比排第2治安差的地方高了近1倍。
不過家長都要留意,有些郡的地方很大,例如Yorkshire,上圖可見,英國治安排名最高及最低都見到Yorkshire(North Yorkshire較安全,West Yorkshire的治安較差),因此不可一概而論,家長可留意留意,盡量避開「潛在危險」的地段,例如英國的公屋地段,因該處人口種族較為混雜,也通常有街童流連滋事。另外英國愈近市中心或交通愈方便的地方,治安往往愈差,觀光地點尤其多小偷,行過可提高警覺。
今次移民英國- 家庭篇先介紹這些,之後還有英國移民的單身篇及Couples伴侶篇,記得留意喇。
附表:英國State Grammar School 學校
North West England | |
Cumbria | |
Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Penrith | Mixed |
Lancashire | |
Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School, Waterfoot | Mixed |
Clitheroe Royal Grammar School, Clitheroe | Mixed |
Lancaster Girls’ Grammar School, Lancaster | Girls |
Lancaster Royal Grammar School, Lancaster | Boys |
Liverpool | |
Liverpool Blue Coat School, Wavertree | Mixed |
Trafford | |
Altrincham Grammar School for Boys, Bowdon | Boys |
Altrincham Grammar School for Girls, Bowdon | Girls |
Loreto Grammar School, Altrincham | Girls |
Sale Grammar School, Sale | Mixed |
St. Ambrose College, Hale Barns | Boys |
Stretford Grammar School, Stretford | Mixed |
Urmston Grammar School, Urmston | Mixed |
Wirral | |
Calday Grange Grammar School, West Kirby | Boys |
St Anselm’s College, Birkenhead | Boys |
Upton Hall School FCJ, Upton | Girls |
West Kirby Grammar School, West Kirby | Girls |
Wirral Grammar School for Boys, Bebington | Boys |
Wirral Grammar School for Girls, Bebington | Girls |
Yorkshire and the Humber | |
Calderdale | |
The Crossley Heath School, Halifax (mixed) | Mixed |
North Halifax Grammar School, Halifax (mixed) | Mixed |
Kirklees | |
Heckmondwike Grammar School, Heckmondwike (mixed) | Mixed |
North Yorkshire | |
Ermysted’s Grammar School, Skipton (boys) | Boys |
Ripon Grammar School, Ripon (mixed) | Mixed |
Skipton Girls’ High School, Skipton (girls) | Girls |
East Midlands | |
Lincolnshire | |
Boston Grammar School, Boston | Boys |
Boston High School, Boston | Girls |
Bourne Grammar School, Bourne | Mixed |
Caistor Grammar School, Caistor | Mixed |
Carre’s Grammar School, Sleaford | Boys |
Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School, Grantham | Girls |
Kesteven and Sleaford High School, Sleaford | Girls |
King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth | Mixed |
The King’s School, Grantham | Boys |
Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar School, Alford | Mixed |
Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar School, Horncastle | Mixed |
Queen Elizabeth’s High School, Gainsborough | Mixed |
Skegness Grammar School, Skegness | Mixed |
Spalding Grammar School, Spalding | Boys |
Spalding High School, Spalding | Girls |
West Midlands | |
Birmingham | |
Bishop Vesey’s Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield | Boys |
Handsworth Grammar School, Handsworth | Boys |
King Edward VI Aston School, Aston | Boys |
King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Boys, Kings Heath | Boys |
King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Girls, Kings Heath | Girls |
King Edward VI Five Ways School, Bartley Green | Mixed |
King Edward VI Handsworth School, Handsworth | Girls |
Sutton Coldfield Grammar School for Girls, Sutton Coldfield | Girls |
Stoke-on-Trent | |
St. Joseph’s College, Stoke-on-Trent | Mixed |
Telford and Wrekin | |
Adams’ Grammar School, Newport | Boys |
Newport Girls High School, Newport | Girls |
Walsall | |
Queen Mary’s Grammar School, Walsall | Boys |
Queen Mary’s High School, Walsall | Girls |
Warwickshire | |
Alcester Grammar School, Alcester | Mixed |
King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon | Boys |
Lawrence Sheriff School, Rugby | Boys |
Rugby High School for Girls, Rugby | Girls |
Stratford-upon-Avon Grammar School for Girls, Stratford-upon-Avon | Girls |
Wolverhampton | |
Wolverhampton Girls’ High School, Newbridge | Girls |
East of England | |
Essex | |
Chelmsford County High School for Girls, Chelmsford | Girls |
Colchester County High School for Girls, Colchester | Girls |
Colchester Royal Grammar School, Colchester | Boys 11-16. Girls and boys in sixth form |
King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford | Boys |
Southend-on-Sea | |
Southend High School for Boys, Southend-on-Sea | Boys |
Southend High School for Girls, Southend-on-Sea | Girls |
Westcliff High School for Boys, Westcliff-on-Sea | Boys |
Westcliff High School for Girls, Westcliff-on-Sea | Girls |
South East England | |
Buckinghamshire | |
Aylesbury Grammar School, Aylesbury | Boys |
Aylesbury High School, Aylesbury | Girls |
Beaconsfield High School, Beaconsfield | Girls |
Burnham Grammar School, Burnham | Mixed |
Chesham Grammar School, Chesham | Mixed |
Dr Challoner’s Grammar School, Amersham | Boys |
Dr Challoner’s High School, Little Chalfont | Girls |
John Hampden Grammar School, High Wycombe | Boys |
Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe | Boys |
Royal Latin School, Buckingham | Mixed |
Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School, Aylesbury | Mixed |
Sir William Borlase’s Grammar School, Marlow | Mixed |
Wycombe High School, High Wycombe | Girls |
Kent | |
Barton Court Grammar School, Canterbury | Mixed |
Borden Grammar School, Sittingbourne | Boys |
Chatham and Clarendon Grammar School, Ramsgate | Mixed |
Cranbrook School, Cranbrook | Mixed |
Dane Court Grammar School, Broadstairs | Mixed |
Dartford Grammar School, Dartford | Boys |
Dartford Grammar School for Girls, Dartford | Girls |
Dover Grammar School for Boys, Dover | Boys |
Dover Grammar School for Girls, Dover | Girls |
Folkestone School for Girls, Folkestone | Girls |
Gravesend Grammar School, Gravesend | Boys |
Mayfield Grammar School, Gravesend | Girls |
Harvey Grammar School, Folkestone | Boys |
Highsted Grammar School, Sittingbourne | Girls |
Highworth Grammar School for Girls, Ashford | Girls |
Invicta Grammar School, Maidstone | Girls |
The Judd School, Tonbridge | Boys |
Maidstone Grammar School, Maidstone | Boys |
Maidstone Grammar School for Girls, Maidstone | Girls |
The Norton Knatchbull School, Ashford | Boys |
Oakwood Park Grammar School, Maidstone | Boys |
Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar School, Faversham | Mixed |
Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys, Canterbury | Boys |
Simon Langton Grammar School for Girls, Canterbury | Girls |
Sir Roger Manwood’s School, Sandwich | Mixed |
The Skinners’ School, Tunbridge Wells | Boys |
Tonbridge Grammar School, Tonbridge | Girls |
Tunbridge Wells Girls’ Grammar School, Tunbridge Wells | Girls |
Tunbridge Wells Grammar School for Boys, Tunbridge Wells | Boys |
Weald of Kent Grammar School, Tonbridge | Girls |
Wilmington Grammar School for Boys, Wilmington | Boys |
Wilmington Grammar School for Girls, Wilmington | Girls |
Medway | |
Holcombe Grammar School, Chatham | |
Chatham Grammar School for Girls, Chatham | Girls |
Fort Pitt Grammar School, Chatham | Girls |
Rainham Mark Grammar School, Rainham | Mixed |
Sir Joseph Williamson’s Mathematical School, Rochester | |
Rochester Grammar School, Rochester | Girls |
Reading | |
Kendrick Girls’ Grammar School, Reading | Girls |
Reading School, Reading | Boys |
Slough | |
Herschel Grammar School, Slough | Mixed |
Langley Grammar School, Langley | Mixed |
Upton Court Grammar School, Slough | Mixed |
St Bernard’s Catholic Grammar School, Langley | Mixed |
South West England | |
Bournemouth | |
Bournemouth School, Bournemouth | Boys |
Bournemouth School for Girls, Bournemouth | Girls |
Devon | |
Colyton Grammar School, Colyford | Mixed |
Gloucestershire | |
The Crypt School, Gloucester | Mixed |
Denmark Road High School, Gloucester | Girls |
Marling School, Stroud | Boys |
Pate’s Grammar School, Cheltenham | Mixed |
Ribston Hall High School, Gloucester | Girls |
Sir Thomas Rich’s School, Longlevens, Gloucester | Boys |
Stroud High School, Stroud | Girls |
Plymouth | |
Devonport High School for Boys, Plymouth | Boys |
Devonport High School for Girls, Plymouth | Girls |
Plymouth High School for Girls, Plymouth | Girls |
Poole | |
Parkstone Grammar School, Poole | Girls |
Poole Grammar School, Poole | Boys |
Torbay | |
Churston Ferrers Grammar School, Galmpton | Mixed |
Torquay Boys’ Grammar School, Torquay | Boys |
Torquay Grammar School for Girls, Torquay | Girls |
Wiltshire | |
Bishop Wordsworth’s School, Salisbury | Boys |
South Wilts Grammar School for Girls, Salisbury | Girls |
Greater London | |
Barnet | |
Henrietta Barnett School, Hampstead Garden Suburb | Girls |
Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar School for Boys, Barnet | Boys |
St. Michael’s Catholic Grammar School, North Finchley | Girls |
Bexley | |
Beths Grammar School, Bexley | Boys |
Bexley Grammar School, Welling | Mixed |
Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School, Sidcup | Mixed |
Townley Grammar School, Bexleyheath | Girls |
Bromley | |
Newstead Wood School, Orpington | Girls |
St Olave’s & St Saviour’s Grammar School, Orpington | Boys |
Enfield | |
The Latymer School, Edmonton | Mixed |
Kingston upon Thames | |
Tiffin Girls’ School, Kingston upon Thames | Girls |
Tiffin School, Kingston upon Thames | Boys |
Redbridge | |
Ilford County High School, Barkingside | Boys |
Woodford County High School, Woodford Green | Girls |
Sutton | |
Nonsuch High School for Girls, Cheam | Girls |
Sutton Grammar School for Boys, Sutton | Boys |
Wallington County Grammar School, Wallington | Boys |
Wallington High School for Girls, Wallington | Girls |
Wilson’s School, Wallington | Boys |
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